施工现场自制设备设计上的不安全因素。有的单位自制的简易机械设备,由于受到主观认识、技术水平、经济能力所限, 很容易存在安全隐患。在维修机械设备过程中，购买的配件贪图便宜，质量不合格的零部件装配到机械设备上去, 成为事故的隐患, 如l根质量不合格的刹车线导致一场重大事故，1条有质量缺陷的轮胎都会在施工运行中导致爆胎，使车辆侧翻发生重大机械安全事故等。在机械保养的过程中辅助材料不合格、不符合使用标准,就可以使机械发动机遭受很大损坏，不合格的钢丝绳起吊重物等,都可能引起安全事故。设备调动频繁，无法对机械设备进行彻底的维修保养，经常带病作业，在工作强度密集的情况下，操作手稍有疏忽就会酿成安全事故。

The construction site unsafe factors in the design of the homemade equipment. Some units of homemade simple mechanical device, due to subjective awareness, technology level and economic ability, it is easy to pose a safety hazard. In the process of maintenance machinery and equipment, to purchase the accessories covet is cheap, quality is not qualified parts and components to the mechanical equipment, become the hidden danger of accident if l root quality brake line, leading to a major accident, 1 the tire with quality defects will result in a blowout in the construction operation, make the major mechanical vehicle rollover accidents, etc. In the process of mechanical maintenance of auxiliary material is not qualified, do not accord with standard of use, can make the mechanical engine suffered great damage, the unqualified wire rope lifting heavy objects, etc., are likely to cause safety accidents. Equipment frequently and can’t to complete maintenance of machinery and equipment, often work, in spite of under the condition of intensive work intensity, the operator slightly negligence can lead to safety accident.

3、机械设备安全管理中环境的因素

3, the environment factors in the mechanical equipment safety management

　　由于公路施工机械都是在高温、严寒、多雨的天气、软地基、坡道等野外环境施工,再加上夜间施工照明不够、交通状况复杂等环境,容易造成事故。

Due to road construction machinery are in the high temperature, cold, rainy weather, the soft foundation, slope, such as outdoor environment construction, coupled with the night lighting is not enough, the complex traffic environment construction, easy to cause an accident.

　　现以施工现场最常见的压路机的安全管理举一个小列子：某项目经理部在进行路基填方作业收工时，项目主要负责人在现场对现场负责人兼压路机驾驶员做了施工任务和施工方法的安排和布置。深沟填方采用机械施工，用推土机开一条便道(180m，27°）连接沟底和地面，由一台推土机用钢丝绳拖拽一台装载机、一台压路机经便道下到沟底。施工方法是由推土机向沟下推土，压路机、装载机在沟下作业。项目领导曾口头交待机械送下去以后，不准再开上来，加油加水、机械故障维修都在沟底进行。机械将随着大沟的填方上升，直到填平到位，自然升至地面。现场施工一段时间后，压路机司机私自想将压路机回驻地，当压路机爬到距沟底40多米(即将到地面时)，压路机突然失去动力，开始下滑，当下滑至距沟底28m拐弯处发生侧翻，压路机司机被变形的驾驶室与方向盘卡住胸部，无法动弹，导致安全事故发生。

Now with the safety management of construction site of the most common roller to take a small example: a project in the roadbed fill operations intends to call it a day, the project principal at the scene of the scene and director of the roller driver to do the arrangement and layout of construction projects and construction method. Deep trench fill with mechanical construction, bulldozers to open a detour (180 m, 27 °) connection groove and the ground, by a bulldozer with wire rope drag and drop a loader, a roller by the walk down to the bottom. Construction method is by bulldozers to ditch the bulldozing, rollers, loaders in the ditch under the homework. Project leader had oral confessed after machine down, not to open up, gas and water, mechanical fault maintenance is done in the groove. Machinery will fill up with big ditch, until fill in place, the natural to the ground. Site construction after a period of time, want to secretly roller roller driver back to headquarters, when roller up to 40 meters from bottom () to the ground as soon as, roller suddenly loses power, began to decline, as fell to spacing groove 28 m turning occurs, roller by deformation of the cab driver and the steering wheel stuck chest, unable to move, lead to safety accident.

　　1、事故原因分析

1, analysis of the cause of the accident

　　1）技术交底方面

1) technical disclosure

　　(1)压路机检修保养不及时，设备技术性能不符合标准。（物的因素）

(1) rollers overhaul maintenance, not in time equipment technical performance are not up to the standard. (factors) of

　　(2)上下沟的便道坡度过大，不符合规定。（环境因素）

(2) up and down the channel service road slope is too large, do not conform to the rules. Factors (environment)

　　(3)压路机驾驶员违反操作规程驾驶压路机爬陡坡 (27°，一般应不超过8°～9°)，正是由于这个原因使压路机负荷过大，液压驱动马达供油管路破裂，导致压路机失去动力，导致设备下滑。（人的因素）

(3) roller driver violation of operating procedures driving roller climbing steep slope (27 °, generally should not be more than 8 ° ~ 9 °), it is for this reason that the roller load is too large, hydraulic motor oil supply pipeline rupture, roller out of power, cause a downturn of the equipment. (factors)

　　2）管理方面

2) management

　　(1)项目经理部没有机械管理制度和压路机操作人员的安全操作规程，对机械设管理不严。

(1) the project no mechanical management systems and roller intends to operator safety operational procedures, management for the machinery in lax.

　　(2)缺少专门的安全管理人员进行现场指挥和监管。

(2) the lack of specific safety management personnel on-site command and control.

　　(3)项目经理部在明知深沟填土施工危险性大的情况下，不做专项安全施工方案安全管理措施、安全技术交底未形成有效文件。

(3) project in knowing deep groove intends to fill the construction risk under the condition of big, do not do special safety construction project safety management measures, safety technical clarificaiton will not form effective file.

　　(4)该项目经理部对违章行为不作查处，在此次事故前曾有过将机械机械设备从沟底开到地面的事件，项目负责人只是做了口头批评，并没有处理和通报，更没有进一步采取监控措施，加以限制，等于纵容了违章行为。从以上这个小列子可以看到任何一个小疏忽带来的严重的安全事故。

(4) the project intends to do not make illegal behavior investigation, before the incident had turn the mechanical machinery and equipment from the bottom to the ground, given a verbal criticism, project director is not processing and report, no further monitoring measures, limit, mean condoning the illegal behavior. From any of the above this small example can see a little carelessness brought serious safety accidents.

三、安全事故的预防对策

3, safety accident prevention countermeasures

　　针对施工现场制订一系列安全防御制度。制订符合施工现场情况的安全规章制度，按照工种和现场实际情况细化安全操作规程和安全控制措施以及事故应急救援预案，并认真执行。特殊的施工现场必须设置专门的管理人员进行指挥和管理。安全重点环节、部位等应派专职安全管理人员跟班监督检查。对事故隐患和违章行为也应当比照事故“四不放过”原则进行严肃处理。人员安全教育培训做到位，编制与施工现场符合的安全操作手册，时时刻刻对生产指挥者、管理者、机械操作手进行安全教育，加强对各层次人员的安全技术交底工作，对操作手、机械设备维修人员还要加强预防安全事故的实际能力、危险意识以及对危险情况的应变能力。加强各方面人员的岗前安全教育培训，要求做到人人持证上岗，杜绝无证和持证复审超过规定期限的人员、机械参与施工，杜绝任何人员酒后操作任何机械设备。及时淘汰国家明文规定经济效益、安全性差的机械设备。

Aiming at the construction site to formulate a series of security defense system. To formulate conforms to the situation of construction site safety rules and regulations, in accordance with the type of work and actual situation of refining the safety operation procedures and control measures and the accident emergency rescue preplan, and seriously implement. Special construction site must be set command in the professional management staff and management. Security key link, the parts should send full-time safety management personnel supervision and inspection of shift. For accidents and traffic violations should also be in principle of “four pass” serious accident processing. Do personnel safety education training, compile with the safety of the construction site in accordance with operation manual, every moment of the operator in production leader, manager, machinery safety education, to strengthen the safety technical clarificaiton work of personnel at all levels, to the operator, mechanical equipment maintenance personnel need to strengthen the practical ability, risk consciousness of preventing safety accident and the strain capacity of hazardous situations. Strengthen all aspects of personnel safety education training or preparations for the job, it all related certificates, certificate is put an end to unlicensed and review in excess of the prescribed time limit, the machinery involved in construction, put an end to any person any drunken operating mechanical equipment. Timely eliminate country stipulates, economic efficiency, poor safety of mechanical equipment.

　　施工机械设备的安全管理不仅仅是安全管理的范畴，而且也是机械设备管理的范畴，两者是相互相容的，机械设备管理里有安全管理，安全管理也有机械设备管理。各位工程施工参与者从“要我安全”到“我要安全”，真正做到“预防为主”保证施工生产安全的完成。

Construction machinery and equipment safety management is not only the category of safety management, and mechanical equipment management category, both are mutually incompatible, machinery and equipment management in safety management, safety management also has the mechanical equipment management. Each project construction participants from “want me safe” to “I want security”, truly “prevention first” to ensure the completion of construction production safety.

四、结束语

Four, the conclusion

　　综上所述，只有从根本上提高公路施工企业的机械设备管理水平，为施工企业创造坚实的物质保障，才能在激烈的市场竞争中找到自己的立足点，从而获得长足的进步和发展。同时设备安全在设备管理中占有极其重要的地位，一个工程做得再快，一旦出现设备安全事故，往往造成机毁人亡的后果，那么损失将无法估计。因此，提高机械设备管理水平，落实“我要安全”的安全意识具有重要意义。

To sum up, only to radically improve equipment management level of highway construction enterprises, to create solid material guarantee for the construction enterprises, to find their own in the fierce market competition foothold, so as to obtain great progress and development. Safety equipment at the same time occupies an extremely important position in the equipment management, a project done faster, once appear, equipment safety accidents, often cause the consequence with machine crash, the loss will not be able to estimate. Therefore, improve equipment management level, to carry out the safety consciousness of the “I want security” is of great significa
 

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